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microcystis aeruginosa
''Microcystis aeruginosa'' is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance. They are the most common toxic cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic fresh water.〔 Cyanobacteria produce neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and cyanopeptolin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=On the Evolution of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene Clusters in Cyanobacteria )〕
==Characteristics==
As the etymological derivation implies, ''Microcystis'' is characterized by small cells (of only a few micrometers diameter), which lack individual sheaths.
Cells usually are organized into colonies (large colonies of which may be viewed with the naked eye) that begin in a spherical shape, but lose their coherence to become perforated or irregularly shaped over time.
The protoplast is a light blue-green color, appearing dark or brown due to optical effects of gas-filled vesicles; this can be useful as a distinguishing characteristic when using light microscopy. These vesicles provide the buoyancy necessary for ''M. aeruginosa'' to stay at a level within the water column at which they can obtain optimum light and carbon dioxide levels for rapid growth.
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